AP World History - Subject Topic Selection

AP World History - Subject Topic SelectionThe history of the society depends on the selection of subject matter for your AP World History subject topic. The subject matter can be based on the type of country and political system, the great achievements and influences of a particular era, or it can be based on an idea or theme that you feel is important to understand better.You may want to focus on a specific political or social trend in history in order to study the effect it had on the development of that nation and its people. A specific time period when a certain country and its people achieved a great historic accomplishment may be very interesting to you.Maybe you want to study historical trends such as globalization, economic development, industrialization, etc. In order to study these themes in more depth, you may want to study the country during its time period. There are many topics of interest to you in AP World History subject topics.There are also topics which are highly specialized and would require that you learn a wide range of subjects in order to learn them well. For example, if you are planning to write a history of the United States from the American Revolution to the present time, then you should plan to study the history of the United States and all the events which have taken place during this time period.If you are planning to write a history of Europe, the study of history should center around the European nations. The nation concerned must have experienced a great growth and development over the past hundred years in order to learn their history well.If you have a strong interest in learning about the development of the English language, you may want to learn more about the development of the English spoken in the United Kingdom from the 14th century. Another great idea would be to learn about the history of the development of the United States and how it has influenced the rest of the world. With the help of AP World History test quest ions, you can learn the history of the world from a specific time period by studying the AP World History course material. You can choose the topic that you feel is very important to study and you can study on it for as long as you want to.

Tips for Writing an Essay Reward

Tips for Writing an Essay RewardIf you're an adult trying to write a scholarship essay, there are a few things you should know about how to reward yourself for writing it. One of the first things you should consider is how much time you have. Most people will have hours to write an essay, and often, they will have years between assignments. If you are already in a rush to finish a paper, then you might want to save your rewards for an essay that will take less time.You need to consider the length of your paper too. If you have a lot of time, you may want to just write a short essay about a subject that you find interesting, and then reward yourself with cash. In this case, it would be a good idea to reward yourself for an essay on everything from the history of your family to the word 'pickle'.Your next consideration is whether or not you need to go on vacation. If you get a free vacation from the school, you will likely have more time to write your essay, which is nice. However, if you don't, then a small writing assignment on a weekend trip or something similar will suffice.You should also consider the time it takes to write your essay. A short essay that is written on the spur of the moment can be rewarded by a small prize, like a gift certificate for a local restaurant. For an essay that needs a long time to complete, you may want to make a check for a couple hundred dollars, or even a few thousand dollars. These are fairly big checks, so you'll need to make sure you are prepared to write the essay.Writing an essay is hard work, and it is even harder to write one the day of. While it is very tempting to write it the night before, you'll want to do some research and prepare, before you can really get it done. There is no better way to reward yourself for writing it than to have a day or two to do all the preparation you need.Finally, when you are writing the essay, you will want to think about what you want to write about. If you know that you need to write an essay that's about your college or university, you can consider writing about things like the class schedule, the classes, the professors, and other college experiences that will allow you to get to write about your experience as a student.The essay that you write has the power to change your life, and you need to treat it as such. Instead of going to sleep every night thinking about your paper, you can rest at night and get to enjoy the fresh air. By writing a quality essay, you will help yourself and others, and in turn, you will have the money you need to write a more important one later.

What is Important When You Write an International Womens Day Essay Sample?

What is Important When You Write an International Women's Day Essay Sample?Do you know that International Women's Day is celebrated on November 19th? When you understand the significance of the day, you will be able to write an International Women's Day Essay Sample that will take your learning to a whole new level. So, what are you waiting for?This year, it is International Women's Day which marks the most important events of the year for women across the world. But, this year it is special in different ways. Women have made their point and their voices are being heard.The fact that women are taking on equal footing with men in business and politics has changed the face of the world. Men who are fighting for women's rights all over the world are being proven right. On International Women's Day, there are a number of events to celebrate women who have made their mark in their respective fields. It is no doubt that this event is a platform to talk about all the problems faced by women in today's society.It is very important to focus on what is happening in the world, especially on International Women's Day. You can give your voice to a great issue, make it known and get justice for it. This is the reason why I suggest that you get started with an International Women's Day Essay Sample. It is much better than waiting till the next year to do so.As you know, I have always focused on the most important point. You have to write an essay that not only explains the importance of the event but also points out the importance of women. A good essay will allow you to write about your personal experiences and express your opinions on the subject.You need to open up your woman'svoice. This way, you will be able to raise awareness about the wonderful achievements that women have made during this particular event. Write something that will be appreciated by all. This is just one point that needs you to get started on your essay.Writing is a great hobby but writing an essay is something else. The preparation that you have to do is unbelievable. This is why I strongly suggest that you get started right away. You can do it even when you are busy with your work.

Roman Art Essays - Visual Arts, Persian Art, Roman Art, Sculpture

Roman Art Romans were collectors and admirers of Greek art. Art from Greece was brought to Rome, copied, and also changed by the Romans. As a result, Roman art is somewhat based on Greek art. However, Roman art is not merely a continuation of Greek art. For an amateur it is difficult to determine between the two art forms because neither the Romans nor the Greeks wrote down the history of their own art. The characteristics pertaining to each particular type of art are known to some extent, so the experts are relatively accurate in determining the separation of the two types of art. Roman art is divided into four categories: portrait sculptures, paintings and mosaics, relief sculptures, and statues. Each of these has its own characteristics. Portrait sculptures, designed by the Romans, shows the desire of the Romans for literalness; it records even the homeliest features. This is demonstrated in the sculpture, Head of A Roman, made of marble in 80 B.C. The artist painstakingly reported each rise and fall and each bulge and fold of the entire facial surface. It was as if the artist was acting like a map maker, trying not to miss the slightest detail. The end product was a blunt, bald record of features. Idealism nor improvement of features was done causing the feeling of superrealism. Paintings and mosaics were influenced by the architecture of the Romans . Their architecture consiste d of buildings containing a small number of doors and windows, thus leaving considerably large stretches of wall space suitable for decoration. The quality was determined by the importance and the wealth of the patron. The walls were used for two things in Roman art. First, they were used as a barrier. Secondly, they were used to visually open the wall and enhance the space of the room. Only certain colors were used. These were deep red, yellow, green, violet and black. Two methods were used to prepare walls for painting. In one, plaster was compounded with marble dust, then laid directly on the wall in several layers. It was eventually beaten smooth with a trowel until it became dense. Finally, it was polished to a marble finish. The wall was then ready to be painted with water colors or encaustic paints. The other method, called panel painting, consisted of stucco being applied to boards of cypress, pine, lime, oak, and larch. Then water colors, obtained from minerals and animal d yes were applied. The painting was then mounted to cover a wall. These methods were used throughout the years to produce paintings. Although the style of the paintings on the walls changed during the years, the methods used to prepare the walls basically stayed the same. There are four styles of painting Incrustation, the first style, was used from 200 to 60 B.C. Walls were divided into bright polychrome panels of solid colors with an occasional textural contrast. In the years 60 to 20 B.C. the second style, the architectural style, was used. This method made a wall look as if it extended beyond the room, but it wasn't systematically perspective. In the years 20 B.C. to A.D. 60, the third style, the ornate style, was used. This method subdivided a wall into a number of panels by means of vertical and horizontal bands. The fourth and final style of painting took place in A.D.60 to A.D.79. It was called the intricate style. Each wall contained a great number of separate paintings not relating to each other. It made people feel as if they were walking through an art gallery looking at a variety of different paintings. Art of Rome wasn't limited to that of walls. Romans also had murals, painted glass, illustrated books, and easel paintings. Relief sculptures, carved into large pieces of stone, were used to decorate pediments, cella walls of temples, and the interior and exterior of various buildings. The size of a relief was dependent upon the purpose, location and treatment of the monument. There are two types of relief sculptures. One is a pictorial frieze, which is an unbroken representation of one or more mythological or historical events. The other is an image. It consists of a self-contained representation of an

PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING The WritePass Journal

PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING OVERVIEW PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING OVERVIEWFigure 1.1. The computing evolution2. Home systems2.1. Information access devices2.2.   Intelligent appliances2.3.   Smart controls2.4. Entertainment systems3. Electronic Healthcare System3.1. Patient Monitoring3.2. Location based services3.3.  Access to medical data3.4. Health care mobile devices  4. Sensors Networks4.1.   Application of a Wireless sensor network4.1.1. Military applications4.1.2. Environmental application 4.1.3. Medical applications4.1.4. Urban applications 5. Ongoing research6. Conclusion7. Reference  8. AppendixRelated OVERVIEW From the invention of Steam Engine to the invention of dynamo by James Watt and Werner Von Siemens respectively, and also remarkably taking the first power station into operation by Thomas A Edison [1], a massive change took place in the 19th century which brought about the generation, production and distribution of energy. The machines and engines were decentralized making the distribution of energy everywhere a possibility. This discovery led to several others like motor-cars, light bulbs and the rest of them. Although the technology behind these is irrelevant to most users, but then it brings about convenience and make life a lot easier which benefits the economy immensely. After the industrialization transformation, another major transformation occurred which was Computers. â€Å"While industrialization enhanced the manpower with the help of machines, computer multiplied the mental capabilities of man†. Its application then varied from processing large information, creation and organisation of phone bills, payroll, and invoices.   It was also used though with the help of mechanical machines to lift heavy amount of item e.g. steel Figure 1.1. The computing evolution From that point onwards, the computing industry began to grow, and its applications also widened to being used for air traffic control, in administration, and was also used for management systems in the process of â€Å"ensuring a static environment for employees†. Presently information technology has gone so broad that it surpassed the years of using the mainframe system where you have many users to a computer machine, and has since then gone even further to find its way into being an integral part of the telecommunication, entertainment, commerce and finally the finance industry in which nowadays, most organisation run their business online which is also called E-business. This type of computing is known as persuasive computing. Pervasive computing which is also known as ubiquitous computing is an exciting and intriguing field of research that brings in exceptional changes for the computational models in the 21st century. It basically integrates the concept of computation into our daily lives as opposed to having computers standing on its own. The goal of pervasive computing varies from creating an invincible technology to integrating the physical and virtual world together [3]. â€Å"Tremendous development of wireless communications and networking, mobile computing and handheld devises, embedded systems, wearable computers, sensors, FRID tags, smart spaces, middleware, software agents, and the like, have let to the evolution of pervasive computing platforms as natural successor of mobile computing systems†[4]. The internet has ended up being the worlds largest medium of communication. It connects different people all over the world in their billions, share information, data, and application electronically. As discussed above, internet and e-business has now been the order of the day in the business community. â€Å"The rising number of internet accounts proves that within the next years will have the largest internet community†. The internet has contributed greatly to making the world a global market where you find customers comparing prices and purchasing items, employee can get access to business information from distant. Due to the growing trend in computer technology and micro-controller getting smaller allowing them to be included into more and more devices, computer got smaller; the use of laptops became quite common and popular, the use of mobile phones with computing abilities became quite popular as well, examples are the apple iphone, android of google and it likes. The mobile phone with computing abilities is one of the recent developments in computer technology, its uses its wireless access to the internet to browse through information based system from basically anywhere in the world, which works just like a desktop or a laptop computer. Although not all application comes with the mobile phone sometimes, it is usually downloadable which therefore compliments for a poor computational capability, that’s why it doesn’t come as a surprise when there are mobile phone that can be wirelessly connected to the internet, edit photos and videos and print them. 2. Home systems These are basically home appliances that are built around computer networks. As the decentralization of computing continues, computers has now become ubiquitous or omnipresent, it has the ability to be everywhere. Nowadays we have networked home which make use of a web server usually small in size but carries out several tasks. For example, an air conditional can be connected to a web server which manages its operations. Other examples are lights, washing machines e.t.c Pervasive computing in homes can be subdivided into four sections which are Information access devices Intelligent Appliances Smart controls Entertainment systems [5]. 2.1. Information access devices An example of an information based device is the PDA â€Å"A personal digital assistant (PDA) also known as a palmtop computer or personal data assistant is a mobile device usually pocketable that functions as a personal information manager.†[6]. It has an electronic display which enables it have a web browser, and can connect to any network. They function as â€Å"Personal Information Management (PIM)† that include and has got applications such as calendar, address book and can also send and return mails. Although the main function of PDA is to make and record appointments and carry phone numbers, it has now undergone rapid development in wireless communication and its now being used in medical facilities to provide mobile access to a patient’s data. Such is the influence of pervasive and mobile computing in our world today. â€Å"In 1996, Nokia introduced the first mobile phone with full PDA functionality, the 9000 Communicator, which grew to become the worlds best-selling PDA† [7]. It brought about a new class of mobile phones: the PDA phone, now called Smartphone. Today, almost all PDAs are also known as smartphones 2.2.   Intelligent appliances As we continue exploration into the world of pervasive computing, its ubiquity can be seen even more. Intelligent appliances are another section under pervasive and mobile computing that has integrated into home appliances. Washing machine is a major example of such. It goes as far as being able to be connected to the internet, download new updates or request maintenance service. Another example is the fire alarm system. As soon as it senses fire, sends out a distress signal to the fire co-operation in which further action can be taken. Another example is the security alarm systems which gets activated as soon as unauthorised entry is detected, sends out a distress signal as well to the police department, in which further action is also taken as well. 2.3.   Smart controls Smart control is another section under pervasive and mobile computing in homes. Some make use of wireless remote controls for stoves, gas pump e.t.c. and are usually all connected to a network. We also have cases where using a java application, can set a recording time for a video cassette recorder which will automatically start recording when its time. Another example of smart control is the heating system in a house. Usually its has an alarm clock imbedded in it that automatically set in on when its the right time, and heats the room or water as the case may be. 2.4. Entertainment systems â€Å"New kinds of entertainment systems will change the world of traditional broadcasting†. Set up boxes is the technology behind the growth and development of pervasive and mobile computing in home appliances. Interactive digital TV’s, video on demand, improvement in the quality of videos and audios are just one of the few examples of how entertainment is making use of pervasive and mobile technology. Another example is the fire alarm system. As soon as it senses fire, sends out a distress signal to the fire co-operation in which further action can be taken. Another example is the security alarm systems which gets activated as soon as unauthorised entry is detected, sends out a distress signal as well to the police department, in which further action is also taken as well. 3. Electronic Healthcare System The area of healthcare in the field of pervasive computing is a very exciting and promising section, â€Å"it encompasses a broad range of topics such as advanced hospital information and logistics systems, mobile health monitoring, assisted living for the elderly and the handicapped, and lifestyle and wellness related personal systems†. â€Å"Pervasive health care system refer mostly to patient telemonitoring† (Hall et al,2003; Stanford, 2002). Telemonitoring is basically the way in which a patient’s psychological and physical features are being sensed and measured and recorded which provides information through wireless connection to the medical practitioner in real time or/and is transmitted to another location e.g. a medical center or a medical laboratory where other medical experts can work on it [8]. Moreso, with a sensor, a patient’s blood pressure, heart beat rate, blood level, respiration and temperature levels, e.t.c. can be measured. The growth of Pervasive and mobile computing in the health sector is a very promising, the value it adds both socially and economically is enormous in the sense that it creates business opportunities for insurance organizations, telecommunication companies, e.t.c. Moreso, it brings about the hope of a quality medical services while being efficient and ubiquitous and at the same time cost effective. The following are few applications of pervasive and mobile computing in the health-care environment. 3.1. Patient Monitoring With the help of wireless network and private area network, patients who are recovering from an ailment but subject to other complications can be easily monitored anywhere and in case a relapse occur, the nearest hospitals, emergency services are notified automatically. This improves the performance of nurses and doctors, as the time they take to make rounds monitoring patients can be done with the help of pervasive and mobile computing. 3.2. Location based services With the use of network sensors and radio-frequency ID badges, patients with mental challenged patients can easily be tracked if by any chance they leave a designated safe zone. With the help of location based services, people with matching blood types or want to donate an organ can easily be found. Voice-activated systems also act as an aid to blind people. 3.3.  Access to medical data With the help of pervasive computing, patients and medical personnel’s can have access to clinical records. This method is very easy as it reduce the stress of doing paper work, less time consuming and the chance of entering an incorrect data is reduced. 3.4. Health care mobile devices These are mobile electronic device that can be used be used to detect certain medical conditions for example, blood pressure, heart rate, alcohol level, e.t.c. In future, such a device can have a wireless capability to contain the individual medical history and if he/she has adeficiency or suffering from a device, the device should be able to send out a signal or message to his/her G.P or a hospital as the case may be [9].   4. Sensors Networks These are tiny, low cost, low power devices that sense some property e.g. motion, heat sound, light, pressure, e.t.c. and communicate with each other using wireless communication [10]. The wireless sensor is a very major aspect of pervasive computing because it allows computing to be part of the physical environment. It is called a wireless sensors network because many sensors can be spread across different places and can be networked in applications that require no attention producing what is known as a wireless sensor network (WSN). They function in a peer to peer manner in the sense that they do not directly communicate the base station. Usually, â€Å"data collected by individual nodes is routed between the thousands of tiny sensors in a multihop manner until they reach the base station†. A base station is computing device that collects data from multiple sensors node and process them [11]. 4.1.   Application of a Wireless sensor network The application of a WSN is countless; it varies from sensing properties like light, temperature, blood pressure, to being used in the military. Below are typical examples of WSN 4.1.1. Military applications In the military, sensor nodes can be spread across the war zone so as to detect the presence of an enemy and also locate them. It can also be used to detect weapons e.g. chemical weapons, biological weapons and so on. Other applications under the military are target field imaging, security and tactical surveillance, intrusion detection. 4.1.2. Environmental application A sensor node can be spread out in the air to monitor the temperature and from its result weather predictions can be made, climate monitoring, pollution tracking amongst many other. 4.1.3. Medical applications The application can be mostly found in this section. The glucose machine to monitor diabetic patient makes use of a sensor, heart monitors. Basically, most medical equipment for monitoring patients makes use of a sensor system. 4.1.4. Urban applications The application of WSN in our society is very clear and obvious, it can ne see in transportation  Ã‚   and traffic system, automatic identification of drivers licence, street lights, home security, door alarm to mention a few 5. Ongoing research â€Å"A number of leading technological organizations are exploring pervasive computing. Xeroxs Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), for example, has been working on pervasive computing applications since the 1980s. Although new technologies are emerging, the most crucial objective is not, necessarily, to develop new technologies. IBMs project Planet Blue, for example, is largely focused on finding ways to integrate existing technologies with a wireless infrastructure. Carnegie Mellon Universitys Human Computer Interaction Institute (HCII) is working on similar research in their Project Aura, whose stated goal is to provide each user with an invisible halo of computing and information services that persists regardless of location. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has a project called Oxygen. MIT named their project after that substance because they envision a future of ubiquitous computing devices as freely available and easily accessible as oxygen is today.† Today the uses of Internet are limited as its users look for read-mostly information. As we move to a world where the Internet is used as an infrastructure for embedded computing, all this will change. We can hypothesize that the individual utility of mobile communication, wireless appliances and the respective mobile services pervasive technologies in general will be exploited through a digital environment that is – aware of their presence sensitive, adaptive and responsive to their needs, habits and emotions and ubiquitously accessible via natural interaction. Increasingly, many of the chips around us will sense their environment in rudimentary but effective ways. For Example  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cell phones will ask the landline phone what its telephone number is and will forward our calls to it.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Remote computers will monitor our health statistics and will determine when one is in trouble and will take appropriate action for rescue.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amplifiers will be implanted and used in the inner ear.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New machines that scan, probe, penetrate and enhance our bodies will be used.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Refrigerators will be connected to the Internet so one could find out, via cell phone or PDA, what is in it while one is at the store. A refrigerator may even sense when it is low on milk and order more directly from the supplier or rather than this, the connection will enable the manufacturer to monitor the appliance directly to ensure that it is working correctly and inform the owner when it is not.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stoves will conspire with the refrigerators to decide what recipe makes the best use of the available ingredients, then guide us through preparation of the recipe with the aid of a network-connected food processor and blender. Or they will communicate to optimize the energy usage in our households.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cars will use the Internet to find an open parking space or the nearest vegetarian restaurant for their owners or to allow the manufacturer to diagnose problems before they happen, and either inform the owner of the needed service or automatically install the necessary (software) repair.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wrist watches will monitor our sugar.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Digi-tickers or implanted heart monitors in heart patients will talk wirelessly to computers, which will be trained to keep an eye open for abnormalities. In a nutshell, our personal network will travel around with us like a surrounding bubble, connecting to the environment through which we move and allowing our mobile tools to provide us with more functionality than they ever could alone.† [13]    6. Conclusion Pervasive computing provides a very interesting vision for the future. Information would be basically handy through the help of the wireless technology, so instead of sitting on a PC to get information, we would have instant access through the use of our smart phones, our PDAs, e.t.c. As the growth in technology keeps increasing in the 21st century, it has basically influenced our daily lives, the way we communicate, shop, basically every aspect of it and enough evidence has it we are translating into the world of â€Å"pervasive computing† at a fast speed, and in few years time, the world would be living like a scene in the movie â€Å"Star Trek†.    7. Reference   8. Appendix youtube.com/watch?v=Q2DY6jWT2a4 youtube.com/watch?v=bS6XqjBO99Q youtube.com/watch?v=KsKne-fw-X0 youtube.com/watch?v=2I3T_kLCBAwfeature=related

Observe a special needs childs activity (autistic child) when the Essay

Observe a special needs childs activity (autistic child) when the child tries to learn some information. Create a learning environment for this child - Essay Example One of the most common conditions in the category of developmental disorders is called autism. Autism is characterized by different kinds of improvement in the verbal and non-verbal communication mastery, social interaction, self help and playing skills as well as academic (intellectual) and cognitive skills. Other observable traits include limited repetitive and extreme patterns of behavior (Boyd, R.D. & Corley, M.J. 2001, 19). It is therefore imperative that the curriculum as well as other aspects of learning the designed in such a manner as to wholly meet the needs of these children. This section examines the learning needs of an autistic child and the theories that form the basis of select learning environments with the view of creating a most apt learning environment for specific special needs of a child. There are several groups of children with special learning interaction and communication needs. These conditions may include inherent conditions such as Autism, Aspergers syndrome, Down syndrome (Autism Spectrum disorders) and various physical impairments that include, hearing disorders, blindness and dumbness. Children who are born with or who develop these conditions are faced with a myriad of challenges in relationships as well interpreting, understanding the world around them. They lack the ability to communicate effectively. Autistic children seem to be in a world of their own and are not able to make out meanings of verbal and non-verbal communications such as gestures, facial expressions, physical contacts and even words spoken by people. (Anderson et al 1987, 352-366). Their semantic skills are disoriented and they seem to be indifferent about what is going on around them and even the people who are trying to interact with them. Their behavior does not match their feelings and interacting or relating with other people becomes very difficult

Taxation Principles and Concepts (Taxation) Coursework

Taxation Principles and Concepts (Taxation) - Coursework Example A capital allowance refers to the amounts in cash that a business operating in the United Kingdom can deduct from the overall income tax on its profits or the corporate tax. The sources of these sums of money come from certain purchases as well as investments as outlined in the Capital Allowances Act of 2001 (Channer & Rogers 2007, p.xiv). A business or corporate organization can claim capital allowances on the costs of cars, vans and machines purchased for business use, or other assets in the business such as scaffolding, equipment, ladders, furniture, computers, and tools. In addition, a business can also claim capital allowances on the expenditures incurred on plant and machinery, as well as, on facilities and equipment used for research and development, and items that a business operator uses privately before using them commercially. Another capital deduction occurs on the premises used for the company to run its business, such as improving a property, and converting a space abov e a building for rental purposes. As for your case Tobby, you can claim capital allowances on the following items: computers, car, premises and rent for Tamara. The capital allowance on computers is ? 200, car as ? 2,700, premises at ? 12, 5000 and Tamara’s rent at ? 4,000. As such, the total capital allowance that Tobby can claim from the tax authority is ? 19,400 (Dunn & Rogers 2008, p.664). The taxable profits of Lewis include all the expenses as well as the revenues generated by the company. The taxable profits include a deduction of all the expenses that are incurred in the business. These include the rates at 1,500, telephone charges for business calls only at 1,000, light and heat for the whole property at 3,000, NIC contribution for himself at 1,000, wage expenses for lily at 20,000 and for himself at 25,000. The other expenses also included in the expenditure of the company are car-running costs at 6000, depreciation expense on the cars at 4,000, loan repayment costs at 3,500, interests on loans at 5,000, insurance charges at 1,800, advertisement expenses at 1,500. The other additional expenses recorded in the business include parking fines at 1,000, gift aid donations at 1000, membership at a sports club for 900, and donations for lewisham hospital at 1000. He further needs to add an additional expense of wages, which he pays to Tamara at 20000 for the part time job she performs at his corporation. This totals all the business expense to ? 77,200 (Gabay, et al. 2007, p.180). This total expenditure by the business of ? 77,200 shows that the business in incurring a lot of expenses which in turn reduce its level of profitability. In order to calculate the profitability of the firm, this includes a deduction of the expenses from the revenues or incomes made or generated by the firm. The general income made by the business from its business processes and activities is ? 90,102, and a subtraction of the two provides the business profits at ? 12,102. This is the general profit, which is subjected to taxation as the income made by the business during the fiscal year under operation. As such, the profitability of the company for the year ended 31 July 2013 was ? 12,102. The projected assessable profits for the business in the fiscal year ending 2013/2014 were ? 12,102 plus the deductible allowances for the business (Gupta 2003, p.67). The best way to set an accounting year is to position it in line with the financial year of her majesty’